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Within the past bee an increase in global awareness of environmental issues including the proper usage and preservation of natural resources. Thailand, in an effort to become self-reliant, has strived to fully utilize and protect the existing natural resources including medicinal plants. In solving the country’s health problems, the government has resorted to the use of medicinal plants in order to provide basic health card for the people. In spite of the fact that much of the research carried out on Thai medicinal plant has, in the past, been directed towards the isolation of active compounds for use as modern drugs, it is recognized that appropriate modification an development of indigenous drugs are of equal importance.

The intrinsic principles of traditional Thai medicine are propounde on the knowledge of:

1. Drug matters. This concerns the basic knowledge of each drug ingredient which may be derived from plant, animal of mineral. Traditional practitioners must be knowledgeable on the names, description, colour, odour and taste of each drug.

2. Drug attributes. In Thai medicine, drugs are divided into groups according to their pharmacological actions. The tastes ascribed to the formulated drugs are believed to be correlated to their ability to cure certain ailments. For instance, drugs with a cooling taste are said to cure ailments caused by the fire element while those with acrid taste are prescribed for the restoration of the wind element. Individual drugs are recognized as possessing astringent sweet, bitter, acrid, nutty, salty or sour tastes.

3. Drug grouping. To facilitate drug prescription in traditional Thai medicine where a recipe may consist of 30-40 ingredients, a number of drug ingredients are grouped together. These may bi ingredients with similar nature or attributes or they may be different drugs grouped together to form specific entities. Each of these drug groups may consist of two to nine ingredients. An example of these entities is “the two licorices” comprising Thai licorice (Albizia myriophylla) and Spanish licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra).

4. Drug dispensing or compounding. In traditional Thai medicine, a drug refers to two or more ingredients mixed together into an appropriate dosage form. The ingredients contained in each recipe may be classified into three main categories, namely the principal drug(s), the adjuvant (s) and the flavouring agents. In general, twenty-five dosage forms are recognized. These include the more common preparations, such as pills, decoctions, alcoholic macerates, snuffs, poultices and suppositories. In addition to these traditional dosage forms, the Ministry of Public Health has permitted two more modern dosage forms for traditional drugs, i.e. tables and capsules. Preservatives are also allowed to be used in traditional drug formulation.

Besides the main principles as outlined above, other factors also have to be taken into consideration. These are:

1. Specific knowledge of drug ingredients. Since more than one drug plant may possess identical common or local names, traditional practitioners must be able to identify the correct species and to differentiate between useful species and poisonous ones. The knowledge on the part or parts of medicinal plants to be used is also essential. Other pertinent information includes the forms in which the drug ingredients are required. Some ingredients are best used fresh while others are used in the dried form. Certain ingredients may need to be detoxified prior to use.

2. Doses. The appropriate amount of each ingredient is usually measured out using the old system of measurements. An example of traditional Thai system of measurement ofr weight is given below.

1 chang (1.200 g)=20tum-lueng
1 tum-lueng(60 g)=4baht
1 baht(15 g)= 4 salueng
1 salueng(3.75 g)=2feung
1 feung (1.875 g)=4 pai
1 pai(0468 g)=2utt

Traditional systems for measuring lengths and capacities also exist.

3. Vehicles. These are liquids used in drug formulation in order to dissolve or to extract active constituents from drug ingredients. In many cases, they may act to potentiate the action of the principal drug. Vehicles used in traditional drug formulation include water, spirit and lime water, for instance. The potency of the elixir may depend on the choice of vehicle used.

4. Methods of preparation. Of the 25 dosage forms previously mentioned, in practice only four or five are in common use and these are briefly described below.

Preparation of Drug Ingredients

All ingredients must first be washed and then cut into small pieces if they are to be used fresh. If dried ingredients are required, fresh ingredients are sliced thinly and sum dried.

Fluid Extracts

Both fresh and dried ingredients may be prepared into the above explanation. The method is suitable for ingredients which are water soluble but may be unappetizing in their crude forms. To prepare an extract, the plant materials are placed into a utensil which may be a clay, an enameled or stainless steel pot. Water is added as stipulated in the recipe or until it just covers the ingredients. The mixture is then boiled for 2-30 minutes depending on the types of ingredients used.

Infusion

A somewhat simpler version of the above procedure, the method entails the addition of boiling water onto finely shredded ingredients contained in a small cup or glass with a lid. The mixture is set aside to brew for 3-5 minutes, after which the clear supernatant is decanted.

Alcoholic Macerates

This method is mostly used for extracting water-insoluble constituents from dried drug ingredients. Air- dried drugs are weighed, wrapped in a piece of muslin and then placed into a glass jar with a tightly fitted lid. Sufficient quantity of spirit (28-40 degree proof) is then added to just cover the ingredients. With daily stirring, the maceration process is usually allowed to proceed of a period of 1-5 weeks.

Pills

To prepare pills, binding agents such as honey or syrup are used. Dried and finely powdered ingredients are placed into a bowl and a small amount of honey is gradually added. This mixture is then kneaded into a large ball. The mixture may be shaped into small round balls by hand or with the aid of a special tool. The finished pills are then sun dried for 1-2 days. The pills produced in this way may be stored in closed jars for up to one month.

As outlined above, the techniques of drug compounding in traditional Thai medicine are, in most cases, kept simple with minimum requirement for sophisticated equipment, so that they could e practiced at household and community levels. With the advancement of today’s technology, however, the methods of indigenous drug production could be vastly improved to make the drugs more effective, safer and more acceptable to the modern generation.

Tamarind
Scientific name: Tamarindus indica Linn.
Family:GEGUMINOSAE
Vernacular name:Ma-khaam

The pulp is used as a laxative in traditional Thai medicine while the kernels from roasted ripe seeds are used as an anthelmintic for threadworms in children. The pulp contains 12-15 percent of organic acids including tartaric, citric and lactic acids.

Plaunoi
Scientific name: Croton sublyratus Kurz
Family:DUPHORBIACEA
Vernacular name:Plaunoi

Indian Senna
Scientific name:Cassia angustifolia Vahl
Family:LEGUMINOSAE
Vernacular name:Ma-khaam-khaek

Asiatic Pennywort
Scientific name:Centella asiatica Urban
Family:UMBELLIFERAE
Vernacular name:Bua-bok

Plai
Scientific name:Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.
Family:ZINGIBERACEAE
Vernacular name:Plai

The pressed juice from pounded fresh rhizomes has long been used to relieve sprains. The powder derived from the dried rhizomes is used in traditional medicine as an anti-asthmatic agent.

Beauty and Fitness

Health is wealth. By being physically fit, it can make a person look lean both inside and out.

There is a lot a person can do such as jogging or walking in the morning, playing basketball or any other sport with friends but if a person wants to have muscles and look lean, it is a good idea to sign up at a gym and get with a trainer. Although this is not the only way to achieve this goal, there is something about the commitment of showing up and asking someone else to be there to support your efforts. Consider your trainer as your mentor. A positive force in your life to help you achieve your goals and push your limits!

Just like taking any medicine, one should first consult a doctor before undergoing any form of exercise.

Physical exercise is beneficial because it helps maintain and improve ones health from a variety of diseases and premature death. It also makes a person feel happier and increases ones self esteem that helps from falling into depression or anxiety. It has also shown to make a person with an active lifestyle live longer than a person who doesn’t.

The best exercise plan should have cardiovascular and weight training exercises. This helps burn calories and increase the muscle to fat ratio that will increase your metabolism and make you either gain or lose weight.

A person who has never worked out before should do it gradually. Doing too much the first time can increase your chances of pulling a muscle or a more severe injury. Endurance will never be built in a day but doing it repeatedly will result in good positive results.

Beauty is not only about having toned and/or bulky muscles which is what people see, it is also about enhancing the beauty within.

Here are few things you can do everyday to stay beautiful and healthy;

· Reading books and other reading material more often keeps the mind sharp just like working out keeps the body in shape.

· Work, no matter what kind it is, produces stress. You can reduce stress by taking time to do something special like lying in a hot tub, shopping or watching a movie. Studies have shown that anytime you can relax and do more enjoyable things, it relieves stress and helps you look less stressed and tired.

· Protecting your skin from the normal pollutants is very important. It is best to use some form of protection that contains antioxidants that can help prevent further damage to the skin. There are lots of options when it comes to choosing a product and if you have very sensitive skin, you may want to consult with a dermatologist. If you fall under the “normal” skin category, then you have a lot of options to choose.

· Another way to stay healthy is to give up some of the bad habits. If you are a smoker, I don’t have to tell you its bad for you (you’ve been told this 100 times) but it does have an affect on your body that goes beyond the lungs. Without going on a tyraid about all the bad stuff we do as humans, lets just say that if you can work on a balanced diet, exercise at least a few times a week and concentrate on getting rid of the “bad vices”, you will be pleasantly surprised at the results you achieve over time.

· Lastly, one of the best ways to start your day is to start with a positive attitude. Don’t get out of bed until you have told yourself its going to be a GREAT day! Just as studies have shown that exercise makes a person feel happier, smiling produces the same effect. A smile can do a lot and it is contagious in a positive sense. It brightens the day of not only one but others as well.

Health is wealth. By being physically fit, it can make a person look lean both inside and out.

There is a lot a person can do such jogging or walking  in the morning, playing basketball or any other sport with friends but if a person wants to have muscles and look lean, the best thing to do will be to sign up and workout in a gym.

Just like taking any medicine, one should first consult the doctor before undergoing any form of exercise.

Physical exercise is beneficial because it helps maintain and improve ones health from a variety of diseases and premature death.  It also makes a person feel happier and increases ones self esteem preventing one from falling into depression or anxiety. It has also shown to make a person with an active lifestyle live longer than a person who doesnt.

The best exercise plan should have cardiovascular and weight training exercises. This helps burn calories and increase the muscle to fat ratio that will increase ones metabolism and make one either gain or lose weight.

A person who has never worked out before should do it gradually. Doing it too much for the first time can make one pull a muscle or have an injury making it worse. Endurance will never be built in a day and doing it repeatedly will surely be good to the person.

Focusing on certain portion in the body can help make it improve. A good example is going to the gym and doing a workout more often in a specific area such as the abs can give one a chest pack.

But beauty is not only about having muscles which is what people can see. It is also about enhancing the beauty within.

Here are some things one can do everyday to stay beautiful and healthy;

Reading books and other reading material more often keeps the mind sharp just like working out keeps the body in shape.

Work no matter what kind it is produces stress. One can reduce this by taking the time out to do something special like lying in a hot tub, shopping or watching a movie. Studies have shown it is reliever and helps one from looking haggardly.

Pollution is something people cannot control given the size of the problem. When one goes out, it is best to put some form of protection such as beauty products that contain antioxidants that protect the skin from damage. There are also other beauty products available and choosing the right one with the help of a dermatologist can help the person.

Another way to stay healthy is to give up some vices. Most people smoke and drink. Smoking has been proven to cause lung cancer and other diseases as well complications for women giving birth. Excessive drinking has also shown to do the same.

For people who dont smoke, it is best to stay away from people who do since studies have shown that nonsmokers are also at risk of developing cancer due to secondary smoke inhalation.

Lastly, it is best to always start the day with a positive outlook. Just as studies have shown that exercise makes a person feel happier, smiling produces the same effect. A smile can do a lot and it is contagious in a positive sense. It brightens the day of not only one but others as well.

When it comes to Health and Fitness there is no need to ask if that priority is number one on our wishlist. Whether you feel your overweight, underweight, averaged, perfect etc We all want the perfect Health and Fitness for our body and im sure we all want to feel young when we’re aging. In 1948 the World Health Organization (WHO) defined Health as being “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence disease or infirmity”. Which simply means we all want the best of the best products to select from to maintain that. The Health and Fitness ebooks that i am offering are in categories such as Alternative, Beauty, Diet, Fitness, Medicine, Mental, Health, Nutrition, Remedies, Spiritual, Womens Health etc with over two thousand to choose from. I personally purchase products from this website sometimes, the last health and Fitness ebook i bought was “over 100,000 workouts” and believe me when i say im still in shape and loving it . As stated earlier there are alot of Health and Fitness ebooks to select from and the search box located at the top of the website will be very useful to you if you are searching for a specific product.

There are alot of ebooks to select, from building your muscles to maintaining a healthy pregnancy or even losing weight it all boils down to quality techniques to do that. You want a Health and Fitness ebook that will actually give you resluts, that is inexpensive and/or will give you a refund if you are not satisfied with the product which i highly doubt Remember we all want to carry out the day’s activities without undue fatigue so a great Health and Fitness ebook would be just right for you. I want to brag a little about the Spiritual ebooks because they are definitely the greatest. The ebook “The Secret behind the Secret” is such a wonderful ebook you should have two copies. Quantum Mind Power System is also a great book. If you are a tatoo lover then “Tatoo Designs” is the ebook for you under the sub category Beauty, its a must have. “Remove, Moles, Warts and Skin Tags” is a must have also because it actually works and the price is at an inexpensive rate.

You can send a feedback if you wish at the bottom of the webpage by filling out the correct fields (optional). Remember to utilize the search box located at the top of the webpage and again it is very user friendly. Im pretty sure you will like what you see so you can search thoroughly for your product because there are over two thousand ebooks to select from. So when it comes to Health and Fitness ebooks in what ever category stated above, this is the website for your product that are/or were searching for so feel free to leave your comments and feedbacks on the webpage located at the bottom. The link Health and Fitness will direct you to the page. Thank you

Health and fitness have become a big business and people are struggling to have best healthiest body. The people are spending money in huge value and doing something to improve their bodies and normal lifestyle. The health and fitness industries are earning millions of dollars every per year through fitness equipment, herbal supplements, gyms, and specific diets. Many media resources are promoting through different channels like TV, magazines, internet advertising they ask for spend money and make their body fit and smart.

The healthiest body required continually exercises and physical activity; if we want to stay fit we need it so much in our daily life, exercise burns fats as well as build muscles, remove stress and anxiety, decrease cholesterols, make us sleep easily. Exercises increase body temperature which helps to mobilize fats in the body used for energy and metabolic rate will be increased as well which will help to burn maximum fats and improve the ratio of the body’s fat percentage in the body. Aerobic (cardiorespiratory) exercises make the ability to use oxygen efficiently and depend upon the condition of your heart, muscles and lungs, these exercises increase the percentage of oxygen that is delivered to our muscles, which allows us to work longer. Walk is one important type of aerobic exercise.

The foods are the essential part of our health and fitness, it can be the as medicine, in this regard the organic food strongly recommended for growing the ones body and make it healthy, its provides more nutrition and contain vitamins, minerals etc and no additives are present, all physical, mental, chemical, metabolic, and hormonal activities required nutrition, and it repair and rebuild the body.

Keep yourself happy because stress can damage your mental and physical health, don’t be sad always try to be happy, as well as cut down smoking because its stop growing ones body as need, drinks lot of water at least 7 to 8 glass of water daily, water also one of the important tool to loss your weight. Sleep well because its changes hormone levels and ability to metabolize carbohydrates, so research shows that good and deep sleep causes cell repair and help to growing cell and burn calories by speed up the metabolism so its recommended sleep at least 8 hours in a night.

For more details visit: :

http://www.ehealthdirectory.net/health-fitness.html

Vitamins are very important when it comes to keeping your heart healthy.  You need to eat the right foods of course, although you also need to supplement the food you eat with the necessary vitamins your body needs to stay in shape and keep your heart working healthy for a long time to come.  If you don not consume the right nutrients, you won’t be doing your heart any favors  and may end up having problems later on in life.

The first vitamin that comes to mind for most people is vitamin E, a vitamin that is essential to improving the overall health of your heart.  When taken correctly, vitamin E will stop the cholesterol in the body from harming the arteries that surround the heart.  Anytime cholesterol oxidizes, it sticks to the sides of the arteries and can lead to blockages which can cause heart attacks or other serious problems with the heart.

To help you keep your heart healthy, most doctors recommend that you take additional supplements that contain vitamin E.  They may also suggest that you eat foods that are naturally rich in vitamin E, such as nuts.  Nuts have high amounts of vitamin E, and most of them taste great.  You can find other foods that contain vitamin E as well, although nuts have the highest amounts.

In the past, research has shown Vitamin E to help those who have already suffered the wrath of a heart attack.  This vitamin helps to prevent heart attacks in the future by opening up the arteries and eliminate blockage.  Those who have had a heart attack in the past are always encouraged to add more vitamin E to their diet.

What many are not  aware of, is the fact that you can use vitamin C to boost the effects of vitamin E.  Vitamin C is known as an antioxidant, which prevents the damaging effects that cholesterol has on the body.  Along with preventing cholesterol from damaging the body, vitamin C also helps vitamin E with it’s functions  such as protecting your arteries and your heart.

By taking both vitamin C and E as a combination, you will be well on your way to a healthier heart.  Overall, this is the easiest way that you can be sure you aren’t damaging your heart, especially if you have had a heart attack in the past.  If you have a history of heart disease or heart problems in your family, these vitamins are essential to your diet.  Even if you are just concerned about the health of your heart, these vitamins will give you the peace of mind in knowing that you are eating for a healthy heart.

As far as your dosage goes, it will vary from person to person, although 400 international units of vitamin E and C are the recommended amounts for most people.  On it’s own, vitamin C can be tolerated in large doses, without imposing any harmful effects.  You can take around 500 mg of it twice a day, and ensure that your heart remains healthy.

To be on the safe side, you should always make sure that you get the proper amount of vitamins in your daily diet.  Taking additional vitamins and supplements isn’t a bad idea either, especially if you are trying to boost the health of your heart.  Your heart is one of the most important organs in your body, which is why you should always take care of it.  If you eat the proper diet and take the necessary vitamins – you’ll be well on your way to keeping your heart healthy.

The rise in the number of fast foods joints that have a lot of saturated fat in the meals, the use of a lot of refined sugar in sodas and other processed foods and eating food with less fiber have all contributed to the fact that there are more people than before who are classified as either overweight or are obese.

A lot of other factors cause this to happen such as genetics, overeating and as people age, the metabolism slows down making it harder than before to burn the food that was just consumed.

The rate that a person loses weight is commensurate to how it is gained. Rapid weight is not good advisable since it leaves the person with lose skin and the only way to get rid of that would require surgery.

Weight loss depends on the condition of the person which includes weight, health, calorie-intake, age, gender, lifestyle, stress level and routine.

Being overweight does not necessarily make a person unhealthy. It just makes the person a bit unfashionable. Studies have shown that people who are a bit overweight live longer than those who have normal weight.

There is no quick or overnight solution for quick weight loss.

Nutritionists and other health experts will say that a person’s weight with proper exercise can actually help lose a certain number of pounds per week The best way to do this is with a low calorie diet and an exercise plan.

The first thing a person needs to do is to choose a diet program designed by a dietitian or another health professional. The patient has to be evaluated before any program can be made. The program usually consists of an eating plan and an exercise program that does not require the use of supplements or one to purchase any expensive fitness equipment.

The best exercise plan should have cardiovascular and weight training exercises. This helps burn calories and increase the muscle to fat ratio that will increase ones metabolism and lose weight.

A good diet should have food from all the food groups.

This is made up by 2 things. The first is carbohydrates. The food that a person consumes should have vitamins, minerals and fiber. A lot of this can come from oats, rice, potatoes and cereals. The best still come from vegetables and fruits since these have phytochemicals, enzymes and micronutrients that are essential for a healthy diet.

The second is fat which can come from mono and poly saturated food sources rather than animal fats. Since fat contains more than double the number of calories in food, this should be taken in small quantities to lose weight.

All diet plans are designed to make the person induce reduced amount of calories into the body. This does not mean that the person has to eat less. It just means that one has to eat smart by choosing the foods that have less calories. This makes it possible for someone to lose weight without the need to eat less.

During the course of the program, the person should still consult with the doctor and other health experts to monitor ones progress. There will be times that it is essential to modify the diet plan to further lose weight.

It is up to the person already to stick to the program to see that it works.

To see a complete body detoxification, many people think that there are too many steps in order. But this is simply not true, and you will be shown that there is a full body detoxification, the herbal way. Indeed, there are so many ways in which a person is capable of a body detox system, but individuals often seek the quickest and most efficient way to do it. Together with herbs combined essential in your diet during this detoxification, it is also recommended to digest healthy, green vegetables, along with fruit throughout the process.

The first thing that you have to recognize an herbal detoxification, it is what it really is. Like any other detox, an herbal detoxification and helps the body remove toxins that are in the system. It is not only to the cleaning of the colon and liver, but it will also flush the kidneys. There are a whole range of benefits available from a herbal detox every month, but many people associate the herbal detox system with other types of detoxification, which they know. Read the rest of this entry »